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Structure and Physiology of the Plant ... 5-35
The Plant: Its Structure, Life-Processes and Environment. W. J. V. Osterhout ... 11
Response of Plants to Artificial Lights. G. E. Stone ... 22
The Stimulation of Plant Growth by Means of Weak Poisons. Howard S. Reed ... 28
Effect of Electricity on Plants. G. E. Stone ... 30
Insects and Diseases ... 35-53
Means of Controlling Insects. M. V. Slingerland ... 40
Means of Controlling Plant Diseases. Henry L. Bolley ... 46
The Breeding of Plants ... 53-69
Some of the Principles of Plant-Breeding. Herbert J. Webber ... 57
Plant Introduction. David Fairchild ... 70-80
Crop Management ... 81-118
Farm Management. A. M. TenEyck ... 90
The Triennial Crop Rotation System. Hugh N. Starnes ... 98
Examples of Crop Rotation Systems in Canada, United States, and Elsewhere. S. Fraser ... 99
Weeds, and the Management of Them ... 110
Chemical Weed-Killers, or Herbicides. L. R. Jones
Growing Plants Under Cover ... 119-130
The Shading of Plants. B. M. Duggar ... 119
Glasshouses for Vegetable Crops. L. R. Taft ... 123
Plants in Residence Windows. Charles E. Hunn ... 128
Seeding, Planting and Yields ... 131-155
Practical Advice on Seed-Testing. E. Brown and F. H. Hillman ... 141
Growing Seed Crops. W. W. Tracy ... 144
The Growing and Transplanting of Field-Crop Plants. L. C. Corbett ... 147
Legal Weights of Agricultural Products ... 148
Yields of Farm Crops ... 152
vi Contents
Preserved Products ... 157-177
Canning Industry in California. C. H. Bentley ... 158
Home Preserving and Canning. Anna Barrows ... 161
The Commercial Canning Industry. Samuel C. Prescott ... 168
Home-made Pickles and Ketchup. Anna Barrows ... 173
Evaporating as a Home Industry in Eastern United States. G. F. Warren ... 174
Juices and Liquors ... 177-190
Grape and Other Fruit Juices. A. M. Loomis ... 178
Wine, Cider and Vinegar. Samuel C. Prescott ... 181
Industrial Alcohol--Denatured Alcohol. H. W. Wiley ... 186
Brewing. Samuel C. Prescott ... 188
Alfalfa or Lucern. J. M. Westgate ... 192
Alfalfa in the Central West. F. D. Coburn ... 195
Alfalfa in the East. F. E. Dawley ... 197
Alfilaria. J. J. Thornber ... 197
Arrow-root. S. M. Tracy ... 199
Banana-Growing in American Tropics. G. N. Collins ... 199
Barley. R. A. Moore ... 202
Bean, Field. J. L. Stone ... 206
Bean, Broad. John Fixter ... 212
Beggarweed. H. Harold Hume ... 214
Berseem. V. A. Clark ... 215
Broom-corn. C. W. Warurton ... 216
Buckwheat. J. L. Stone ... 217
Cabbage for Stock-Feeding. S. Fraser ... 221
Cacao. G. N. Collins ... 224
Cacti as Forage ... 226
Cassava. S. M. Tracy ... 227
Castor-bean. E. Mead Wilcox ... 229
Chicory Root. T. Lyttleton Lyon ... 231
Clover ... 232
Red Clover Seed-Growing. C. B. Smith ... 235
Clover: Its Culture and Uses. Joseph E. Wing ... 237
Coffee and Coffee-Growing. J. W. Van Leenhoff ... 239
Cotton. Herbert J. Webber and E. B. Boykin ... 247
Practical Suggestions on Cotton-Growing. W. B. Mercier ... 257
Cover-Crops. E. B. Voorhees ... 258
Cowpea. J. F. Duggar ... 260
Dyes and Dyeing. C. S. Doggett ... 267
Contents vii
North American Field Crops, continued Page
Farm Garden ... 273
The Farm Fruit- and Vegetable-Gardens. S. T. Maynard ... 274
Fiber Plants. Lyster H. Dewey ... 281
Flax. C. P. Bull ... 293
Forage Crops ... 303
The Significance of Forage-Cropping. Charles S. Phelps ... 304
Incidental Forage-like Plants. The Editor, C. F. Wheeler, and others ... 306
Forests ... 312
Farm Woodlot: Its Place in the Farm Economy. B. E. Fernow ... 313
Factors in Timber Production. Raphael Zon ... 319
Raising the Timber Crop. Samuel B. Green ... 323
Practical Protection and Improvement of the farm Woodlot. Alfred Akerman ... 330
Harvesting and Marketing the Timber Crop. E. E. Bogue ... 333
Insect Enemies of Woodlot Trees. A. D. Hopkins ... 343
Forest and Timber Diseases. Hermann von Schrenk ... 345
Fruit-Growing ... 348
Handling and shipping fruit. G. Harold Powell ... 355
Ginseng, American. B. L. Hart ... 357
Grain: Shipping, Grading and Storing. C. S. Scofield ... 362
Grasses. A. S. Hitchcock ... 365
Hemp. J. N. Harper ... 377
Hops. Jared Van Wagenen, Jr. ... 380
Kafir and Durra ... 384
Cultivation of kafir and durra. E. G. Montgomery and C. W. Warburton ... 385
Kale for Stock-Feeding. H. W. Smith ... 388
Jersey kale ... 389
Kohlrabi for Stock-Feeding. J. W. Gilmore ... 389
Legumes ... 391
Legume Root-tubercles. George F. Atkinson ... 392
Lespedeza. Samuel M. Bain ... 395
Lupine. H. N. Vinall ... 397
Maize, or Indian Corn. John W. Harshberger ... 398
Maize-Growing. C. P. Hartley ... 402
Maize-Growing for the Silo. Jared Van Wagenen, Jr. ... 414
Popcorn. J. G. Curtis ... 418
The Breeding of Maize. Cyril G. Hopkins ... 421
Maple-Sugar and Maple-Syrup. J. L. Hills ... 427
Maple-syrup-making from Ohio Experience. W. L. Chamberlain ... 430
Meadows and Pastures. S. Fraser ... 434
Grasses and Clovers Used in Meadows and Pastures. W. J. Spillman ... 442
Native Meadows and Pastures of the Plains and Ranges. P. Beveridge Kennedy ... 453
Medic ... 456
Medicinal, Condimental and Aromatic Plants. R. H. True, and others ... 457
Melilotus. J. F. Duggar ... 467
Millets. M. A. Carleton ... 469
Mushrooms and Tuffles [Truffles]. B. M. Duggar ... 474
Nurseries ... 481
Organization of a Commercial Nursery Business. M. McDonald ... 483
viii Contents
North American Field Crops, continued Page
Oats. A. L. Stone ... 485
The "Open Furrow" Method of Seeding Oats. Hugh N. Starnes ... 493
Oil-bearing Plants. R. H. True ... 494
Ornamentals ... 502
Paper-Making Plants. F. P. Veitch ... 503
Pea, as a Field Crop. J. L. Stone ... 510
Peanut. L. C. Corbett ... 514
Potato. S. Fraser ... 519
Potato-growing in the South. H. Harold Hume ... 527
Pumpkin and Squash for Stock-Feeding. S. Fraser ... 529
Rape. A. L. Stone ... 530
Rice. S. A. Knapp ... 534
Root Crops. S. Fraser ... 539
Root Cellars and Storage Houses. L. C. Corbett ... 550
Rubber, or Cautchouc. H. N. Ridley and J. H. Hart ... 554
Rye. Jared Van Wagenen, Jr. ... 559
Sainfoin. C. V. Piper ... 564
Saltbushes. P. Beveridge Kennedy ... 565
Serradella. C. V. Piper ... 566
Silage-Cropping: Its History, Processes and Importance. J. W. Sanborn ... 566
Soiling: Its Philosophy and Practice. F. W. Woll ... 569
Sorghum. Carleton R. Ball ... 574
Sorghum-growing. C. W. Warburton ... 580
Soybean. J. F. Duggar ... 582
Spice-Producing Plants. R. H. True ... 586
Spurry. C. V. Piper ... 587
Sugar-Beet. C. O. Townsend ... 588
The Manufacture of Beet-Sugar. G. M. Chamberlin, Jr. ... 595
Sugar-cane. N. A. Cobb ... 599
Sunflower. A. M. TenEyck ... 611
Sweet-potato. M. B. Waite ... 613
Tanning Materials. F. P. Veitch ... 623
Taro. J. E. Higgins ... 629
Tea. Charles U. Shepard ... 631
Teasel. C. W. Clark ... 636
Teosinte. W. J. Spillman ... 638
Tobacco. A. D. Shamel ... 639
Truck-Growing. John W. Lloyd ... 653
Velvet bean. H. Harold Hume ... 656
Vetch. J. F. Duggar ... 658
Wheat. E. E. Elliott and T. Lyttleton Lyon ... 660
I. Maize, the great American cereal. This picture represents the flint corn, grown in the northeastern and northern parts of the country ... Frontispiece
II. Fruits of North and South. Crab-apple from Indiana and Orange from Southern California ... 50
III. Wheat harvest in the mid-country ... 100
IV. Pea-canning scene ... 156
V. Alfalfa ... 192
VI. Heads of barley ... 204
VII. Red clover ... 232
VIII. Coffee in Cuba ... 244
IX. Cotton-picking scene ... 256
X. Forest devastation ... 312
XI. Forest protection and management. Courtesy of the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture ... 320
XII. Grasses for hay and pasture ... 365
XIII. Kafir, a very important non-saccharine sorghum ... 386
XIV. Types of maize ... 398
XV. Haying scene ... 434
XVI. Permanent hill pasture ... 455
XVII. Foxtail millet ... 468
XVIII. Well-tilled apple orchard ... 481
XIX. Potatoes ... 519
XX. Rice: panicle and field ... 535
XXI. Heads of rye ... 560
XXII. Silo, under construction and completed; also silage machinery ... 570
XXIII. Sugar-planter's residence ... 600
XXIV. Header at work in wheat-field ... 660
XXV. Field of wheat ... 666
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