Cyclopedia of American Agriculture
Contents
Part I -- The Animal and its Relations
Chapter I
Page
The Domestication of Animals. W. H. Brewer 4
The Place of the Domestic Animal in Our Civilization. Thomas F. Hunt 7
Chapter II
Physiology of the Animal 15-26
Physiology of Domestic Animals. S. J. J. Harger 17
Chapter III
The Breeding of Animals. Eugene Davenport 26-55
Some of the Principles of Animal-Breeding. Frederick B. Mumford 28
Animal Types and Score-Cards. Frederick B. Mumford 44
Chapter IV
The Feeding of Animals. W. H. Jordan 56-122
Principles of Stock-Feeding. Henry Prentiss Armsby 58
Feeding and Computation Tables 92
Method of Exact Balancing of Rations. J. T. Willard 103
Computing Balanced Rations. John L. Stone 106
Stock-Poisoning. N. S. Mayo 118
Poisonous Weeds and Their Eradication. E. V. Wilcox 119
Chapter V
Diseases and Management of Animals. James Law 122-151
Infectious Diseases of Animals. Veranus A. Moore 124
Some Details of Stock Management. N. S. Mayo and H. W. Mumford 146
Chapter VI
The Exhibiting of Animals 152-162
Fitting and Exhibiting Live-stock. C. S. Plumb 153
Marketing Farm Stock. C. S. Plumb 158
Chapter VII
Wild Life and Its Relation to Farming 163-173
Wild Mammals in Their Relations with Agriculture. Clarence M. Weed 163
Birds in Their Relations with Agriculture. Edward Howe Forbush 169
(v)
vi Contents
Part II -- The Manufacture of Animal Products
Chapter VIII
Dairy Products 175-246
Milk as a Market Product. Raymond A. Pearson 176
Bacteria of Milk. W. A. Stocking, Jr. 187
Manufacture of Condensed Milk. O. F. Hunziker 190
Milk-Powder. Geo. W. Cavanaugh 194
Manufacture of Ice-Cream and Other Frozen Products. H. E. Van Norman 195
Butter-Making. Edwin H. Webster 198
The Making of Cheddar Cheese. J. A. Ruddick 208
Other Varieties of Hard Cheese. Charles Thom, and others 218
Soft Cheeses in America. Charles Thom 220
Creameries and Skimming Stations. H. L. Ayres 226
Refrigeration of Dairy Products. Oscar Erf 232
Chapter IX
Meats and Related Products. W. D. Hoard 246-272
Dressing, Caring for and Preserving Meats. Andrew Boss 248
Shipping Meat and Hides. W. H. Tomhave 260
The Canning of Meat and Fish. W. D. Richardson 261
Meat: Its Nutritive Value, Selection and Preparation. Flora Rose 263
Tanning Hides. John F. Porter 271
The Leather and Hide Industry 272
Part III -- North American Farm Animals
Needs in Animal Husbandry. James Wilson 274
Ass. C. S. Plumb 276
Bees. W. K. Morrison 278
Bison and Cattalo 287-292
Bison. E. H. Baynes 287
Cattalo 289
Buffalo or Water-Buffalo. F. Lamson-Scribner 292
Camels in North America. G. A. Mack 296
Cat 299
Cats and Their Care. E. R. B. Champion 299
Cattle 301
Origin of Domestic Cattle. Frederick B. Mumford 302
Selection and Management of the Dairy Herd. J. M. Trueman 303
The Production of Milk. H. H. Wing 309
Feeding Dairy Cattle. F. W. Woll 313
Feeding Beef Cattle. Howard R. Smith 317
Determining the Age of Cattle. H. H. Wing 321
Common Ailments of Cattle. John R. Mohler and George H. Hart 321
Aberdeen-Angus Cattle. John S. Goodwin 330
Ayshire Cattle. Harry Hayward 333
Brown Swiss Cattle. Charles D. Nixon 337
Devon Cattle. L. P. Sisson 339
Contents vii
Page
Dutch Belted Cattle. Frank R. Sanders 341
French-Canadian Cattle. G. E. Day 343
Galloway Cattle. Charles Gray 345
Guernsey Cattle. William H. Caldwell 348
Hereford Cattle. Charles Gudgell 351
Double-Standard Polled Herefords 355
Holstein-Friesian Cattle. Solomon Hoxie 355
Jersey Cattle. M. A. Scovell 361
Oxen. C. S. Plumb 366
Red Polled Cattle. H. A. Martin 367
Shorthorn Cattle. Herbert W. Mumford 369
Polled Durham Cattle 375
Sussex Cattle. Overton Lea 376
Some of the Lesser Known Breeds of Cattle. C. S. Plumb 377
Black Welsh Cattle 377
Brahmin, Sacred Cattle or Zebus 378
Breton or Brittany Cattle 379
Holderness Cattle 379
Kerry and Dexter-Kerry Cattle 379
Longhorn Cattle 380
Normandy Cattle 381
Simmenthal Cattle 381
Texas Longhorn Cattle 381
West Highland Cattle 382
Dogs, Farm 383
The Collie Dog. Herbert W. Mumford 383
The Old English Bobtail Sheep-dog. Frederick Freeman Lloyd 386
Sheep-dog Trials. Frederick Freeman Lloyd 388
Fish 390
Fish-culture. W. E. Meehan 390
Fish Food and Feeding-grounds. James G. Needham 392
Plankton-culture. Julius Nelson 393
Carp. James G. Needham 393
Frogs. W. E. Meehan and E. A. Andrews 394
Fur-Bearing Animals of North America. E. T. D. Chambers 395
Goats 405
Angora Goats. E. L. Shaw 405
Milch Goats. William C. Clos 408
Hare, Belgian. U. G. Conover 412
Horse 415
Origin of the Domestic Horse. Frederick B. Mumford 418
The Education, Harnessing and Gaits of the Horse. Thomas F. Hunt 421
Practical Horse-training and Handling. Merritt W. Harper 424
Feeding the Horse. Merritt W. Harper 428
Determining the Age of Horses. H. H. Wing 433
Common Ailments of Horses. John R. Mohler and George H. Hart 436
Arab Horse. Homer Davenport 446
Barb and Turk Horses. Carl W. Gay 449
The Turk Horse 451
Belgian Draft Horse. W. L. Carlyle 451
Cleveland Bay and Yorkshire Coach Horse. John A. Craig 453
Clydesdale Horse. John A. Craig 455
French Coach Horse. John A. Craig 458
viii Contents
Page
French Draft Horse. W. L. Carlyle 460
Ardennais Horse 460
Boulonnais Horse 461
Breton Horse 461
Nivernaise Horse 462
German Coach Horse. Merritt W. Harper 462
Hackney Horse. John A. Craig 464
Hunter Horse. W. C. Bacon 468
Steeple-chase Horse 470
Military Horse 470
Orloff Trotting Horse. C. S. Plumb 474
Pacing Horse, Standardbred. John A. Craig 476
Percheron Horse. Charles F. Curtiss and John A. Craig 478
Ponies. S. B. Elliot 481
Polo Pony 482
Mustang 483
Other American Ponies 484
Ponies of the British Isles 484-488
Shetland Pony 484
Welsh Pony 486
Exmoor and Dartmoor Ponies 487
New Forest Pony 487
Hackney Pony 487
Ponies of Scotland 488
Galloway 488
Connemara, or Pony of Ireland 488
Celtic, or Pony of Iceland 488
Arabian Pony 488
Russian Pony 488
Scandinavian or Norwegian Pony 488
Miscellaneous Ponies 489
Saddle Horse, American. David Castleman 489
Shire Horse. John A. Craig 493
Suffolk or Suffolk Punch Horse. John A. Craig 494
Thoroughbred Horse. Carl W. Gay 496
Trotting and Pacing Horse, American Standardbred. John A. Craig 500
Mule. Charles Wm. Burkett 507
Ostrich. Watson Pickrell 511
Pets. C. H. Ellard 514
Poultry 525
Origin of the Domestic Fowl. Charles B. Davenport 528
Breeding of Poultry. Charles B. Davenport 529
Feeding Poultry. James E. Rice 533
Feeding Water-fowl. George H. Pollard 536
Fattening Poultry. W. R. Graham 538
Capons and Caponizing. T. Greiner 540
Incubation and Brooding. Charles A. Cyphers 542
Preparing and Marketing Poultry Products. D. J. Lambert 544
Judging Poultry. T. E. Orr 547
Common Ailments of Poultry. Prince T. Woods 552
Poultry-House Construction. James E. Rice 556
Breeds and Types of Chickens. T. E. Orr 563
Ducks. Charles McClave 569
Contents ix
Page
Geese. Charles McClave 572
Grouse. Domestication of the Ruffed. C. F. Hodge 576
Guinea-fowl. T. F. McGrew 578
Pheasants and Related Fowls. Homer Davenport 579
Pigeons and Squabs. Thomas Wright 582
Quail, Domestication of the Bobwhite or American. C. F. Hodge 584
Swan. Charles McClave 585
Turkeys. T. F. McGrew 586
Reindeer. C. C. Georgeson 588
Reindeer for Labrador. D. W. Prowse 592
Sheep 592
Origin of Domestic Sheep 596
Wool- and Mutton-Production. G. C. Humphrey 598
The Feeding of Sheep. John A. Craig 600
Determining the Age of Sheep. Louis A. Klein 603
Cheviot Sheep. David McCrae 609
Cotswold Sheep. David McCrae 611
Dorset-Horn Sheep. H. P. Miller 612
Hampshire Down Sheep. H. P. Miller 614
Leicester Sheep. David McCrae 615
Lincoln Sheep. David McCrae 617
Merino Sheep. Joseph E. Wing 618
American Merino 621
Delaine Merino 622
Rambouillet or French Merino 623
Oxford Down Sheep. H. P. Miller 624
Shropshire Down Sheep. H. P. Miller 626
Southdown Sheep. H. P. Miller 627
Suffolk Down Sheep. David McCrae 629
Miscellaneous Breeds of Sheep 631
Shell-fish 634
Clam. Julius Nelson 634
Crab. Julius Nelson 634
Crayfish. E. A. Andrews 635
Lobster. Julius Nelson 635
Oyster. Julius Nelson 636
Shrimp. Julius Nelson 640
Silkworm. L. O. Howard 640
Sponges. Julius Nelson 643
Swine 644
Origin of Domestic Swine 646
Lard- and Bacon-Production. Merritt W. Harper 647
The Feeding of Swine. W. J. Kennedy, Wayne Dinsmore and J. A. McLean 649
Determining the Age of Swine. H. H. Wing 653
Common Ailments of Swine. John R. Mohler and George H. Hart 653
Berkshire Swine. G. E. Day 658
Cheshire Swine. G. E. Day 660
Chester-White Swine. G. E. Day 661
Duroc-Jersey Swine. G. E. Day 663
Essex Swine. G. E. Day 666
Hampshire or Thin Rind Swine. G. E. Day 667
Large Yorkshire or Large White Swine. G. E. Day 669
x Plates
Poland-China Swine. G. E. Day 671
Small Yorkshire or Small White Swine. G. E. Day 674
Suffolk Swine. G. E. Day 675
Tamworth Swine. G. E. Day 676
Victoria Swine. G. E. Day 678
Miscellaneous Breeds of Swine. G. E. Day 679
Turtles and Turtle-Farming. E. A. Andrews 681
Index 683-708
Plates
Facing Page
I. The American bison Frontispiece
II. The American turkey 26
III. Cattle-feeding scene in the Far West 80
IV. Fairfield dairy, where certified milk was first produced (see p. 175) 174
V. A modern sanitary dairy stable 224
VI. A farm apiary, and forms of honey-making bees 279
VII. Forms of the cattalo 287
VIII. Types of beef cattle 302
IX. Types of dairy cattle 320
X. Galloway cow and Guernsey bull 345
XI. Jersey cow 361
XII. Shorthorn bull and cow 369
XIII. Shahwan, a famous Arab horse 415
XIV. Draft horses 460
XV. Hackney and Saddler. Courtesy of Breeders' Gazette 468
XVI. Shetland pony and broncho 481
XVII. Morgan horse and trotter. Trotter photogragh from T. A. Knight 500
XVIII. Poultry establishment; turkeys 525
XIX. Prominent breeds of fowls 546
XX. Prominent breeds of fowls 563
XXI. Sheep range in Far West 592
XXII. Breeds of long-wool sheep 609
XXIII. Merino sheep at pasture 618
XXIV. White hogs 644
XXV. Colored hogs 672
Vol. III
First MSS. sent to printer August 17, 1907
Date of publication June 22, 1908
A. R. Mann, Editor's Secretary
W. C. Baker, Artist
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